List of state leaders in 1945
1944 state leaders - Events of 1945 - 1946 state leaders - State leaders by year
Contents |
Africa
Egypt
- Monarch - Farouk, King of Egypt (1936–1952)
- Prime Minister -
- Ahmad Mahir Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt (1944–1945)
- Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt (1945–1946)
Ethiopia
- Monarch - Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (1941–1974)
- Prime Minister - Makonnen Endelkachew, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1942–1957)
Liberia
- President - William Tubman, President of Liberia (1944–1971)
South Africa
- Monarch - George VI, King of South Africa (1936–1952)
- Governor-General - Nicolaas Jacobus de Wet, Acting Governor-General of South Africa (1943–1946)
- Prime Minister - Jan Smuts, Prime Minister of South Africa (1939–1948)
Asia
Afghanistan
- Monarch - Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (1933–1973)
- Prime Minister - Mohammad Hashim Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1929–1946)
Bhutan
- Monarch - Jigme Wangchuk, King of Bhutan (1926–1952)
- Prime Minister - Raja Sonam Tobgay Dorji, Chief Minister of Bhutan (1917–1952)
Burma (partially recognized occupied state)
- independence terminated on 3 May 1945 with the end of Japanese occupation, afterwards British Burma was restored
- President - Ba Maw, President of Burma (1943–1945)
- Prime Minister - Ba Maw, Prime Minister of Burma (1942–1945)
Cambodia (unrecognized occupied state)
- independence declared under Japanese occupation 12 March - 16 October 1945, afterwards returned to French Indochina
- Monarch - Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (1941–1955)
- Prime Minister -
- Norodom Sihanouk, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1945)
- Son Ngoc Thanh, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1945)
- Prince Sisowath Monireth, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1945–1946)
- China
Chongqing Government (pro-Allies)
- President - Chiang Kai-Shek, Chairman of the National Government of China (1943–1947)
- Premier -
- Chiang Kai-shek, President of the Executive Yuan of China (1939–1945)
- T. V. Soong, President of the Executive Yuan of China (1945–1947)
Nanjing Government (pro-Japan)
- disbanded on 16 August 1945 following Japanese surrender
- Head of State - Chen Gongbo, Acting Chairman of the National Government of China (1944–1945)
Manchukuo (partially recognized occupied state)
- reintegrated into China in 1945
- Monarch - Puyi, Emperor of Manchukuo (1934–1945)
- Premier - Zhang Jinghui, Premier of Manchukuo (1935–1945)
East Turkestan (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Elihan Tore, President of East Turkestan (1944–1946)
Indonesia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- independence declared on 17 August 1945
- President - Sukarno, President of Indonesia (1945–1967)
- Prime Minister - Sutan Sjahrir, Prime Minister of Indonesia (1945–1947)
Iran
- Monarch - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941–1979)
- Prime Minister -
- Morteza Gholi Bayat, Prime Minister of Iran (1944–1945)
- Ebrahim Hakimi, Prime Minister of Iran (1945)
- Mohsen Sadr, Prime Minister of Iran (1945)
- Ebrahim Hakimi, Prime Minister of Iran (1945–1946)
Azerbaijan (unrecognized autonomous republic)
- declared independence on 12 December 1945
- Chairman - Ja'far Pishevari, Chairman of the Azerbaijan People's Government (1945–1946)
- Prime Minister - Ahmad Kordary, Prime Minister of the Azerbaijan People's Government (1945–1946)
Iraq
- Monarch - Faisal II, King of Iraq (1939–1958)
- Prime Minister - Hamdi al-Pachachi, Prime Minister of Iraq (1944–1946)
Japan (under Allied occupiation)
- Empire of Japan was occupied and surrendered on 2 September 1945
- Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
- Prime Minister -
- Kuniaki Koiso, Prime Minister of Japan (1944–1945)
- Kantarō Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (1945)
- Prince Higashikuni Naruhiko, Prime Minister of Japan (1945)
- Kijūrō Shidehara, Prime Minister of Japan (1945–1946)
- Military Governor - Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (1945–1951)
Lebanon
- President - Bechara El Khoury, President of Lebanon (1943–1952)
- Prime Minister -
- Riad as-Solh, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1943–1945)
- Abdul Hamid Karami, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1945)
- Sami as-Solh, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1945–1946)
Mongolia
- Communist Party Leader - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1940–1954)
- Head of State - Gonchigiin Bumtsend, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Hural of Mongolia (1940–1953)
- Premier - Khorloogiin Choibalsan, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1939–1952)
Muscat and Oman
- Monarch - Said Bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1932–1970)
Nepal
- Monarch - Tribhuvan, King of Nepal (1911–1950)
- Prime Minister -
- Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime Minister of Nepal (1932–1945)
- Padma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime Minister of Nepal (1945–1948)
Philippine Republic (partially recognized occupied state)
- independence terminated on 17 August 1945 with the end of Japanese occupation, afterwards the Commonwealth of the Philippines was restored
- President -
- José P. Laurel, President of the Philippine Republic (1943–1945)
- Sergio Osmeña, President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines (1944–1946)
Saudi Arabia
- Monarch - Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia (1932–1953)
Siam (Thailand)
- Monarch - Ananda Mahidol, King of Siam (1935–1946)
- Prime Minister -
- Khuang Abhaiwongse, Prime Minister of Siam (1944–1945)
- Tawee Boonyaket, Prime Minister of Siam (1945)
- Seni Pramoj, Prime Minister of Siam (1945–1946)
Syria
- President - Shukri al-Quwatli, President of Syria (1943–1949)
- Prime Minister -
- Faris al-Khoury, Prime Minister of Syria (1944–1945)
- Saadallah al-Jabiri, Prime Minister of Syria (1945–1946)
Turkey
- President - İsmet İnönü, President of Turkey (1938–1950)
- Prime Minister - Şükrü Saracoğlu, Prime Minister of Turkey (1942–1946)
Empire of Vietnam (unrecognized occupied state)
- independence declared under Japanese occupation 9 March - 15 August 1945
- Monarch - Bảo Đại, Emperor of Vietnam (1926–1945)
- Prime Minister - Trần Trọng Kim, Prime Minister of Vietnam (1945)
North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
- declared independence on 2 September 1945
- Communist Party Leader - Trường Chinh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1941–1956)
- President - Hồ Chí Minh, President of North Vietnam (1945–1969)
- Premier - Hồ Chí Minh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of North Vietnam (1945–1955)
Yemen
- Monarch - Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din, King of Yemen (1904–1948)
Australia and Oceania
Australia
- Monarch - George VI, King of Australia (1936–1952)
- Governor-General -
- Prime Minister -
- John Curtin, Prime Minister of Australia (1941–1945)
- Frank Forde, Prime Minister of Australia (1945)
- Ben Chifley, Prime Minister of Australia (1945–1949)
New Zealand
- Monarch - George VI, King of New Zealand (1936–1952)
- Governor-General - Cyril Newall, Baron Newall, Governor-General of New Zealand (1941–1946)
- Prime Minister - Peter Fraser, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1940–1949)
Europe
Albania
- Communist Party Leader - Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
- Head of State - Omer Nishani, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1944–1953)
- Premier - Enver Hoxha, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1944–1954)
Andorra
- Monarchs -
- French Co-Prince - Charles de Gaulle, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1944–1946)
- Episcopal Co-Prince - Ramon Iglesias i Navarri, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1943–1969)
- First Syndic - Francesc Cairat Freixes, First Syndic of Andorra (1937–1960)
- Monarchs -
Austria (under Allied occupation)
- was declared to be independent from the German Reich on 27 April 1945
- President - Karl Renner, Federal President of Austria (1945–1950)
- Chancellor -
- Karl Renner, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1945)
- Leopold Figl, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1945–1953)
- American military governor - Mark W. Clark (1945–1947)
- British military governor - Sir Richard McCreery (1945–1946)
- French military governor - Antoine Béthouart (1945–1950)
- Soviet military governor - Ivan Konev (1945–1946)
Belgium
- Monarch - Leopold III, King of the Belgians (1934–1951)1
- Regent - Prince Charles, Regent of Belgium (1944–1950)
- Prime Minister -
- Hubert Pierlot, Prime Minister of Belgium (1939–1945)2
- Achille van Acker, Prime Minister of Belgium (1945–1946)
Bulgaria
- Monarch - Simeon II, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1943–1946)
- Regent - Venelin Ganev + Todor Pavlov + Tsvetko Boboshevski, Regent of Bulgaria (1944–1946)
- Premier - Kimon Georgiev, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1944–1946)
Czechoslovakia
- Czechoslovakia reconstituted on 3 April 1945 after the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia seceded from the German Reich
- President -
- Emil Hácha, State President of Bohemia and Moravia (1938–1945)
- Edvard Beneš, President of Czechoslovakia (1945–1948)
- Prime Minister -
- Jaroslav Krejčí, Prime Minister of Bohemia and Moravia (1942–1945)
- Richard Bienert, Prime Minister of Bohemia and Moravia (1945)
- Zdeněk Fierlinger, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1945–1946)
- German Governor - Wilhelm Frick, Reichsprotektor of Bohemia and Moravia (1943–1945)
Slovak State (partially recognized occupied state)
- ceased to exist on 4 April 1945
- President - Jozef Tiso, President of Slovakia (1939–1945)
- Prime Minister - Štefan Tiso, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1943–1945)
Denmark
- Monarch - Christian X, King of Denmark (1912–1947)
- Prime Minister -
- Erik Scavenius, Prime Minister of Denmark (1942–1945)
- Vilhelm Buhl, Prime Minister of Denmark (1945)
- Knud Kristensen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1945–1947)
- German Military Governor - Werner Best, Reichskommissar in Denmark (1942–1945)
Éire (Ireland)
- Monarch - George VI, King of Ireland (1936–1949)
- President -
- Douglas Hyde, President of Ireland (1938–1945)
- Seán T. O'Kelly, President of Ireland (1945–1959)
- Prime Minister - Éamon de Valera, Taoiseach of Ireland (1937–1948)
Finland
- President - Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, President of Finland (1944–1946)
- Prime Minister - Juho Kusti Paasikivi, Prime Minister of Finland (1944–1946)
France
- Head of State and Government - Charles de Gaulle, Chairman of the Provisional Government of France (1944–1946)
Germany (under Allied occupation)
- German Reich occupied in May 1945
- Head of State -
- Adolf Hitler, Führer of Germany (1934–1945)
- Karl Dönitz, President of Germany (1945)
- Chancellor -
- Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Germany (1933–1945)
- Joseph Goebbels, Chancellor of Germany (1945)
- Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, Leading Minister of Germany (1945)
- American Zone
- Military Governor - Joseph T. McNarney, Military Governor of the US Occupation Zone of Germany (1945–1947)
- British Zone
- Military Governor - Bernard Montgomery, Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, Military Governor of the British Occupation Zone of Germany (1945–1946)
- French Zone
- Military Governor - Marie Pierre Kœnig, Military Governor of the French Occupation Zone of Germany (1945–1949)
- Soviet Zone
- Military Governor - Georgy Zhukov, Military Governor of the Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany (1945–1946)
Greece
- Monarch - George II, King of the Hellenes (1935–1947)3
- Regent - Archbishop Damaskinos, Regent of Greece (1944–1946)
- Prime Minister -
- George Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (1944–1945)
- Nikolaos Plastiras, Prime Minister of Greece (1945)
- Petros Voulgaris, Prime Minister of Greece (1945)
- Archbishop Damaskinos, Prime Minister of Greece (1945)
- Panagiotis Kanellopoulos, Prime Minister of Greece (1945)
- Themistoklis Sophoulis, Prime Minister of Greece (1945–1946)
Hungary
- with the collapse of the Hungarian State in May 1945, the country reverted to the Kingdom of Hungary
- Head of State -
- Ferenc Szálasi, Leader of the Nation of Hungary (1944–1945)
- High National Council, Head of State of Hungary (1945–1946)
- Prime Minister -
- Ferenc Szálasi, Leader of the Nation of Hungary (1944–1945)
- Béla Miklós, Prime Minister of Hungary (alternative government in Debrecen) (1944–1945)
- Zoltán Tildy, Prime Minister of Hungary (1945–1946)
Iceland
- President - Sveinn Björnsson, President of Iceland (1944–1952)
- Prime Minister - Ólafur Thors, Prime Minister of Iceland (1944–1947)
Italy
- Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
- Prime Minister -
Salò Republic (Italian Social Republic) (unrecognized, occupied state)
- ceased to exist on 25 April 1945
- Head of State - Benito Mussolini, Provisional Head of State of the Italian Social Republic (1943–1945)
Liechtenstein
- Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
- Prime Minister -
- Josef Hoop, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1928–1945)
- Alexander Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1945–1962)
Luxembourg
- Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)4
- Prime Minister - Pierre Dupong, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1937–1953)5
Monaco
- Monarch - Louis II, Prince of Monaco (1922–1949)
- Head of Government - Pierre de Witasse, Minister of State of Monaco (1944–1948)
The Netherlands
- Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)6
- Prime Minister -
- Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1940–1945)7
- Wim Schermerhorn, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1945–1946)
- German Military Governor - Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Reichskommissar in the Netherlands (1940–1945)
Norway
- Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)8
- Prime Minister -
- Johan Nygaardsvold, Prime Minister of Norway (1935–1945)9
- Vidkun Quisling, Minister President of Norway (1942–1945)
- Einar Gerhardsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1945–1951)
- German Military Governor -
- Josef Terboven, Reichskommissar in Norway (1940–1945)
- Franz Böhme, Reichskommissar in Norway (1945)
Poland
- Communist Party Leader - Władysław Gomułka, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1943–1948)
- Head of State - Bolesław Bierut, President of the Presidium of the Popular Council of Poland (1944–1952)
- Premier - Edward Osóbka-Morawski, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1944–1947)
Portugal
- President - Óscar Carmona, President of Portugal (1926–1951)
- Prime Minister - António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal (1932–1968)
Romania
- Monarch - Michael, King of the Romanians (1940–1947)
- Prime Minister -
- Nicolae Rădescu, Prime Minister of Romania (1944–1945)
- Petru Groza, Prime Minister of Romania (1945–1952)
San Marino
- Captains Regent -
- Teodoro Lonfernini and Leonida Suzzi Valli, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1944–March 1945)
- Alvaro Casali and Vittorio Valentini, Captains Regent of San Marino (April-September 1945)
- Ferruccio Martelli and Secondo Fiorini, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1945–March 1946)
- Captains Regent -
Soviet Union
- Communist Party Leader - Joseph Stalin, Senior Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1953)
- Head of State - Mikhail Kalinin, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1938–1946)
- Premier - Joseph Stalin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1941–1953)
Spain
- Head of State - Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
- Prime Minister - Francisco Franco, President of the Government of Spain (1939–1973)
Sweden
- Monarch - Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
- Prime Minister - Per Albin Hansson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1936–1946)
Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Council10:
- Philipp Etter (1934–1959), Walther Stampfli (1940–1947), Enrico Celio (1940–1950), Eduard von Steiger (1940–1951), Karl Kobelt (1940–1954, President), Ernst Nobs (1943–1951), Max Petitpierre (1944–1961)
- Swiss Federal Council10:
United Kingdom
- Monarch - George VI, King of the United Kingdom (1936–1952)
- Prime Minister -
- Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1940–1945)
- Clement Attlee, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1945–1951)
Vatican City
- Monarch - Pope Pius XII, Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City (1939–1958)
- President of the Governorate - Nicola Canali, President of the Governorate of Vatican City State (1939–1961)
Yugoslavia
- Monarch - Peter II, King of Yugoslavia (1934–1945)11
- Communist Party leader - Josip Broz Tito, General Secretary of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1945–1980)
- Head of State - Ivan Ribar, President of the Presidency of the People's Assembly of Yugoslavia (1945–1953)
- Prime Minister -
- Ivan Šubašić, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1944–1945)
- Drago Marušič, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1945)
- Josip Broz Tito, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1945–1963)
Independent State of Croatia (partially recognized occupied state)
- ceased to exist in May 1945
- Head of State - Ante Pavelić, Leader of Croatia (1943–1945)
- Prime Minister - Nikola Mandić, Prime Minister of Croatia (1943–1945)
North America
Canada
- Monarch - George VI, King of Canada (1936–1952)
- Governor General - Alexander Cambridge, Earl of Athlone, Governor General of Canada (1940–1946)
- Prime Minister - William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime Minister of Canada (1935–1948)
Costa Rica
- President - Teodoro Picado Michalski, President of Costa Rica (1944–1948)
Cuba
- President - Ramón Grau, President of Cuba (1944–1948)
- Premier
- Félix Lancís Sánchez, Premier of Cuba (1944–1945)
- Carlos Prío Socarrás, Premier of Cuba (1945–1947)
Dominican Republic
- President - Rafael Trujillo, President of the Dominican Republic (1942–1952)
El Salvador
- President -
- Osmín Aguirre y Salinas, Provisional President of El Salvador (1944–1945)
- Salvador Castaneda Castro, President of El Salvador (1945–1948)
- President -
Guatemala
- President -
- Revolutionary Government Junta, President of Guatemala (1944–1945)
- Juan José Arévalo, President of Guatemala (1945–1951)
- President -
Haiti
- President - Élie Lescot, President of Haiti (1941–1946)
Honduras
- President - Tiburcio Carías Andino, President of Honduras (1933–1949)
Mexico
- President - Manuel Ávila Camacho, President of Mexico (1940–1946)
Nicaragua
- President - Anastasio Somoza García, President of Nicaragua (1937–1947)
Panama
- President -
United States of America
- President -
- Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States (1933–1945)
- Harry S. Truman, President of the United States (1945–1953)
- President -
South America
Argentina
- President - Edelmiro Julián Farrell, President of Argentina (1944–1946)
Bolivia
- President - Gualberto Villarroel, President of Bolivia (1944–1946)
Brazil
- President -
- Getúlio Vargas, President of Brazil (1930–1945)
- José Linhares, President of Brazil (1945–1946)
- President -
Chile
- President - Juan Antonio Ríos, President of Chile (1942–1946)
Colombia
- President -
- Alfonso López Pumarejo, President of Colombia (1942–1945)
- Alberto Lleras Camargo, President of Colombia (1945–1946)
- President -
Ecuador
- President - José María Velasco Ibarra, President of Ecuador (1944–1947)
Paraguay
- President - Higinio Moríñigo, President of Paraguay (1940–1948)
Peru
- President -
- Manuel Prado Ugarteche, President of Peru (1939–1945)
- José Bustamante y Rivero, President of Peru (1945–1948)
- Prime Minister -
- President -
Uruguay
- President - Juan José de Amézaga, President of Uruguay (1943–1947)
Venezuela
- President -
- Isaías Medina Angarita, President of Venezuela (1941–1945)
- Romulo Betancourt, President of Venezuela (1945–1948)
- President -
References
- ^ German prisoner between 1940 an 1945, in exile between 1945 and 1950.
- ^ In exile between 1940 and 1944.
- ^ In exile between 1941 and 1946.
- ^ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
- ^ In exile between 1940 and 1944.
- ^ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
- ^ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
- ^ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
- ^ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
- ^ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- ^ In exile from 1941.
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